<![CDATA[<P>48The Military Engineer l November-December l 2009
Environment & Energy News
Compiled by David E. Ott, P.E., M.SAME
Iraqi Border Posts Testing Wind, Solar Power
Though Iraq is blessed with one of
the worlds largest reserves of crude
oil, the country has little or no re?ning
capability, and this lack of petroleum
products makes it dif?cult to run gen-
erators that produce reliable electricity,
especially in remote locations. Every
day, major cities and towns in Iraq suf-
fer prolonged power outages, a particu-
larly critical problem for high-security
facilities such as border-crossing points
on the Iranian border. Despite their in-
herent need for uninterrupted power,
these facilities are so remote that it is
impossible to connect them to the na-
tional power grid.
However, Iraq does have plenty of
sunshine, making solar energy a viable
option. Additionally, during the evening
there is a surprising amount of wind
blowing across the border between Iraq
and Iran that can drive wind turbines
and charge batteries during the hours
of darkness. As such, the engineer-
ing arm of the Multi-National Security
Transition Command–Iraq (MNSTC-I
J7), in partnership with the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers (USACE), is funding
and building alternative energy systems
at these remote locations.
At two sites close to Badrah, Iraq, al-
ternative energy has already been put
into place. Both sites feature solar pan-
els, and a wind turbine was emplaced at
the larger of the two.
At the ?rst—site a remote outpost—a
solar array powers a water well pump.
During the day, solar panels power a
pump that forces water from a local
well into an elevated water tank. In the
evening, when the sun goes down, the
pump shuts down while the elevated
tank delivers a continuous supply of
water to the post.
The second site—a more developed
building—employs a full array of solar
panels as well as a large wind turbine.
The combination of the wind turbine
and solar panels provides reliable power
for the mission-critical task of guarding
entry into the country. The MNSTC-I
J7 team designed a system to leverage
both forms of renewable energy. Twen-
ty-four solar panels provide more than
5,000-W of peak power during daylight
hours while the wind turbine is capable
of generating 500-kWh of electricity at a
wind speed of 12-mph.
Coalition forces will provide train-
ing to Iraqi Border Enforcement teams,
which will be responsible for the op-
eration and maintenance of the facili-
ties. Although the cost of powering the
installations varies greatly depending
on the amount of electricity needed to
power the facility and whether solar
panels, wind turbines, or a combina-
tion of both are used, the costs are less
over the long term compared with the
expense of transporting fuel to run gen-
erators.
(Contributed by Robert Moore, P.E.,
USAR)
Fort Dix Uses Solar Power to Help Meet Renewable Goals
In one of the U.S. Armys largest solar
projects, two solar arrays were recently
installed at Fort Dix, N.J., a training and
mobilization center for the Army Re-
serve and National Guard. The 3,200
photovoltaic panels that compose the
arrays will generate approximately
815,000-kWh of electricity annually. The
arrays are mounted on the roofs of the
Army Reserve 99th Regional Support
Command Headquarters and the posts
Strategic Deployment Site Building, a
temperature-controlled warehouse for
equipment storage.
The panels will produce enough energy
to meet nearly all the electricity needs
of both facilities, with excess power dis-
tributed back into the grid. They also
will help the post meet the renewable
energy goals established by the Energy
Policy Act of 2005, which mandates that
at least 7.5 percent of annual energy
consumption at federal facilities comes
from a renewable resource by the end of
2013. These solar installations are part
of a $17.6 million program that will de-
crease energy consumption on Fort Dix
by almost 10 percent and water use by
more than 5 percent.
Along with the solar panels, controls
were installed to optimize the cycling
time and ef?ciency of natural gas boilers
at more than 80 facilities, and nine ag-
ing boilers were replaced at the Visiting
Of?cers Quarters (VOQ) and Doughboy
Inn with heat pumps and occupancy
sensors in each room to reduce the use
of heating and air-conditioning equip-
ment. Additional work included light-
ing upgrades and expanding the posts
energy monitoring and control system
to match more accurately the heating
and cooling delivery with the needs of
the soldiers and civilian employees. The
golf course irrigation system also was
modi?ed to use treated water from the
posts wastewater facility, reducing es-
timated annual water consumption by
29-million-G.
Fort Dix will ?nance the entire pro-
gram through energy and operational
savings guaranteed by the contractor
under a performance contract with the
Army, approximately $1.2 million an-
nually for the next 20 years. In addition,
the program is expected to produce
more than $20 million in excess savings
for the post.
(Contributed by U.S. Army Environmen-
tal Command and Honeywell)</p>
<UL><LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/1/Cover-Page/" >Cover-Page</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/2/Inside-Cover/" >Inside-Cover</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/3/Page-1/" >Page-1</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/4/Page-2/" >Page-2</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/5/Page-3/" >Page-3</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/6/Page-4/" >Page-4</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/7/Page-5/" >Page-5</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/8/Page-6/" >Page-6</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/9/Page-7/" >Page-7</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/10/Page-8/" >Page-8</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/11/Page-9/" >Page-9</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/12/Page-10/" >Page-10</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/13/Page-11/" >Page-11</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/14/Page-12/" >Page-12</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/15/Page-13/" >Page-13</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/16/Page-14/" >Page-14</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/17/Page-15/" >Page-15</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/18/Page-16/" >Page-16</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/19/Page-17/" >Page-17</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/20/Page-18/" >Page-18</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/21/Page-19/" >Page-19</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/22/Page-20/" >Page-20</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/23/Page-21/" >Page-21</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/24/Page-22/" >Page-22</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/25/Page-23/" >Page-23</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/26/Page-24/" >Page-24</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/27/Page-25/" >Page-25</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/28/Page-26/" >Page-26</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/29/Page-27/" >Page-27</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/30/Page-28/" >Page-28</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/31/Page-29/" >Page-29</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/32/Page-30/" >Page-30</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/33/Page-31/" >Page-31</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/34/Page-32/" >Page-32</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/35/Page-33/" >Page-33</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/36/Page-34/" >Page-34</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/37/Page-35/" >Page-35</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/38/Page-36/" >Page-36</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/39/Page-37/" >Page-37</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/40/Page-38/" >Page-38</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/41/Page-39/" >Page-39</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/42/Page-40/" >Page-40</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/43/Page-41/" >Page-41</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/44/Page-42/" >Page-42</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/45/Page-43/" >Page-43</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/46/Page-44/" >Page-44</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/47/Page-45/" >Page-45</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/48/Page-46/" >Page-46</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/49/Page-47/" >Page-47</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/50/Page-48/" >Page-48</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/51/Page-49/" >Page-49</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/52/Page-50/" >Page-50</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/53/Page-51/" >Page-51</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/54/Page-52/" >Page-52</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/55/Page-53/" >Page-53</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/56/Page-54/" >Page-54</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/57/Page-55/" >Page-55</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/58/Page-56/" >Page-56</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/59/Page-57/" >Page-57</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/60/Page-58/" >Page-58</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/61/Page-59/" >Page-59</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/62/Page-60/" >Page-60</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/63/Page-61/" >Page-61</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/64/Page-62/" >Page-62</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/65/Page-63/" >Page-63</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/66/Page-64/" >Page-64</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/67/Page-65/" >Page-65</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/68/Page-66/" >Page-66</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/69/Page-67/" >Page-67</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/70/Page-68/" >Page-68</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/71/Page-69/" >Page-69</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/72/Page-70/" >Page-70</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/73/Page-71/" >Page-71</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/74/Page-72/" >Page-72</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/75/Page-73/" >Page-73</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/76/Page-74/" >Page-74</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/77/Page-75/" >Page-75</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/78/Page-76/" >Page-76</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/79/Page-77/" >Page-77</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/80/Page-78/" >Page-78</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/81/Page-79/" >Page-79</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/82/Page-80/" >Page-80</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/83/Page-81/" >Page-81</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/84/Page-82/" >Page-82</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/85/Page-83/" >Page-83</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/86/Page-84/" >Page-84</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/87/Page-85/" >Page-85</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/88/Page-86/" >Page-86</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/89/Page-87/" >Page-87</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/90/Page-88/" >Page-88</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/91/Page-89/" >Page-89</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/92/Page-90/" >Page-90</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/93/Page-91/" >Page-91</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/94/Page-92/" >Page-92</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/95/Page-93/" >Page-93</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publication/18/oigsnclgz/96/Back-Cover/" >Back-Cover</a>
<LI><a href="http://www.stallionpublishers.com/publications/18/x/sitemap.xml" target="_blank">site map</a>
</UL>]]>