<P>The Military Engineer L No. 66357 Optimizing Environmental Cleanup By James T. Gibbs, P.E., M.SAME, Javier Santillan, Ph.D., and Jon Horin A decade-long Air Force program is seeking to maximize the effectiveness and minimize the cost of remediation activities at bases around the globe. Environmental Engineering E ngineers focused on environ- mental restoration at U.S. Air Force bases often face complex cleanup challenges, shifting regulatory sands, long time horizons and exten- sive data- and contractor-management requirements. A unique program spon- sored by the Air Force Center for Engi- neering and the Environment (AFCEE) is designed to assist base remediation program managers (RPM) by provid- ing an intense, weeklong evaluation of cleanup efforts to ensure they are pro- tective, ef?cient and timely, and that decision makers are informed. The decade-long Environmental Res- toration Program Optimization (ERP-O) effort has accelerated the closure of sites by a minimum of ?ve years and led to the closure of 45 speci?c polluted sites at Air Force bases in the last two years. The 119 ERP-O reviews to date have promoted cost-effective cleanups with an empha- sis on effectiveness, ensuring protective cleanups that promote a range of other health, community, administrative and pollution-reduction bene?ts. The ERP-O team of engineers, scientists, regulatory specialists and water experts collabo- rate with base engineers and tour base sites where contamination is being ad- dressed. They study reports and perform new analyses of information. After ?ve days of careful review they brief regula- tors, the bases and other Air Force envi- ronmental of?cials. These efforts to address Environmen- tal Restoration Programs are generally applicable to the phases of a typical res- toration project. Overlap occurs because the data generated and decisions taken in the investigation stages can and do af- fect the decisions and activities in all the remaining stages of the project. The program, formerly known as Remedial Process Optimization, has undergone a name change to re?ect a broader scope. Remediation system de- sign, conceptual site models (CSM) that depict subsurface soils and plumes and exit strategies are key areas of focus. Ad- ditionally, remedial performance moni- toring, decision processes and sustain- ability— or what is operationally de?ned as the water and energy usage and green- house gas impacts of corrective actions— have emerged as priorities. Furthermore, in recent years, a set of lessons learned has also emerged that focuses on some of these topics, among others. Conceptual Site Models CSMs detail subsurface conditions and pollutants; however, the state and form of the models found at bases was not ideal. In most cases, a detailed CSM was developed for early decisions but was then largely overlooked as a key management tool, with base personnel instead relying increasingly on narra- tive reports. This Conceptual Site Model depicts subsurface contaminants and conditions as well as surface assets at McGuire AFB, Pa. 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